使用 lynis 進行 linux 漏洞掃描
2018-07-02 來源：importnew
原文出處： 暗無天日
lynis 是一款運行在 Unix/Linux 平臺上的基于主機的、開源的安全審計軟件。
安裝lynis
在 archlinux 上可以直接通過 pacman 來安裝
sudo pacman -S lynis --noconfirm
resolving dependencies... looking for conflicting packages... Packages (1) lynis-2.6.4-1 Total Installed Size: 1.35 MiB Net Upgrade Size: 0.00 MiB :: Proceed with installation? [Y/n] (0/1) checking keys in keyring [----------------------] 0% (1/1) checking keys in keyring [######################] 100% (0/1) checking package integrity [----------------------] 0% (1/1) checking package integrity [######################] 100% (0/1) loading package files [----------------------] 0% (1/1) loading package files [######################] 100% (0/1) checking for file conflicts [----------------------] 0% (1/1) checking for file conflicts [######################] 100% (0/1) checking available disk space [----------------------] 0% (1/1) checking available disk space [######################] 100% :: Processing package changes... (1/1) reinstalling lynis [----------------------] 0% (1/1) reinstalling lynis [######################] 100% :: Running post-transaction hooks... (1/2) Reloading system manager configuration... (2/2) Arming ConditionNeedsUpdate...
使用lynis進行主機掃描
首先讓我們不帶任何參數(shù)運行 lynis, 這會列出 lynis 支持的那些參數(shù)
[lujun9972@T520 linux和它的小伙伴]$ lynis
[ Lynis 2.6.4 ]
################################################################################
Lynis comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY. This is free software, and you are
welcome to redistribute it under the terms of the GNU General Public License.
See the LICENSE file for details about using this software.
2007-2018, CISOfy - https://cisofy.com/lynis/
Enterprise support available (compliance, plugins, interface and tools)
################################################################################
[+] Initializing program
------------------------------------
Usage: lynis command [options]
Command:
audit
audit system : Perform local security scan
audit system remote <host> : Remote security scan
audit dockerfile <file> : Analyze Dockerfile
show
show : Show all commands
show version : Show Lynis version
show help : Show help
update
update info : Show update details
Options:
--no-log : Don't create a log file
--pentest : Non-privileged scan (useful for pentest)
--profile <profile> : Scan the system with the given profile file
--quick (-Q) : Quick mode, don't wait for user input
Layout options
--no-colors : Don't use colors in output
--quiet (-q) : No output
--reverse-colors : Optimize color display for light backgrounds
Misc options
--debug : Debug logging to screen
--view-manpage (--man) : View man page
--verbose : Show more details on screen
--version (-V) : Display version number and quit
Enterprise options
--plugindir <path> : Define path of available plugins
--upload : Upload data to central node
More options available. Run '/usr/bin/lynis show options', or use the man page.
No command provided. Exiting..
從上面可以看出，使用 lynis 進行主機掃描很簡單，只需要帶上參數(shù) audit system 即可。 Lynis在審計的過程中,會進行多種類似的測試,在審計過程中會將各種測試結果、調試信息、和對系統(tǒng)的加固建議都被寫到 stdin 。 我們可以執(zhí)行下面命令來跳過檢查過程,直接截取最后的掃描建議來看。
sudo lynis audit system |sed '1,/Results/d'
lynis將掃描的內容分成幾大類，可以通過 show groups 參數(shù)來獲取類別
lynis show groups
accounting authentication banners boot_services containers crypto databases dns file_integrity file_permissions filesystems firewalls hardening homedirs insecure_services kernel kernel_hardening ldap logging mac_frameworks mail_messaging malware memory_processes nameservices networking php ports_packages printers_spools scheduling shells snmp squid ssh storage storage_nfs system_integrity time tooling usb virtualization webservers
若指向掃描某幾類的內容，則可以通過 –tests-from-group 參數(shù)來指定。
比如我只想掃描 shells 和 networking 方面的內容，則可以執(zhí)行
sudo lynis --tests-from-group "shells networking" --no-colors
[ Lynis 2.6.4 ] ################################################################################ Lynis comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY. This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it under the terms of the GNU General Public License. See the LICENSE file for details about using this software. 2007-2018, CISOfy - https://cisofy.com/lynis/ Enterprise support available (compliance, plugins, interface and tools) ################################################################################ [+] Initializing program ------------------------------------ [2C- Detecting OS... [41C [ DONE ] [2C- Checking profiles...[37C [ DONE ] [2C- Detecting language and localization[22C [ zh ] [4CNotice: no language file found for 'zh' (tried: /usr/share/lynis/db/languages/zh)[0C --------------------------------------------------- Program version: 2.6.4 Operating system: Linux Operating system name: Arch Linux Operating system version: Rolling release Kernel version: 4.16.13 Hardware platform: x86_64 Hostname: T520 --------------------------------------------------- Profiles: /etc/lynis/default.prf Log file: /var/log/lynis.log Report file: /var/log/lynis-report.dat Report version: 1.0 Plugin directory: /usr/share/lynis/plugins --------------------------------------------------- Auditor: [Not Specified] Language: zh Test category: all Test group: shells networking --------------------------------------------------- [2C- Program update status... [32C [ NO UPDATE ] [+] System Tools ------------------------------------ [2C- Scanning available tools...[30C [2C- Checking system binaries...[30C [+] Plugins (phase 1) ------------------------------------ [0CNote: plugins have more extensive tests and may take several minutes to complete[0C [0C [0C [2C- Plugins enabled[42C [ NONE ] [+] Shells ------------------------------------ [2C- Checking shells from /etc/shells[25C [4CResult: found 5 shells (valid shells: 5).[16C [4C- Session timeout settings/tools[25C [ NONE ] [2C- Checking default umask values[28C [4C- Checking default umask in /etc/bash.bashrc[13C [ NONE ] [4C- Checking default umask in /etc/profile[17C [ WEAK ] [+] Networking ------------------------------------ [2C- Checking IPv6 configuration[30C [ ENABLED ] [6CConfiguration method[35C [ AUTO ] [6CIPv6 only[46C [ NO ] [2C- Checking configured nameservers[26C [4C- Testing nameservers[36C [6CNameserver: 202.96.134.33[30C [ SKIPPED ] [6CNameserver: 202.96.128.86[30C [ SKIPPED ] [4C- Minimal of 2 responsive nameservers[20C [ SKIPPED ] [2C- Getting listening ports (TCP/UDP)[24C [ DONE ] [6C* Found 11 ports[39C [2C- Checking status DHCP client[30C [ RUNNING ] [2C- Checking for ARP monitoring software[21C [ NOT FOUND ] [+] Custom Tests ------------------------------------ [2C- Running custom tests... [33C [ NONE ] [+] Plugins (phase 2) ------------------------------------ ================================================================================ -[ Lynis 2.6.4 Results ]- Great, no warnings Suggestions (1): ---------------------------- * Consider running ARP monitoring software (arpwatch,arpon) [NETW-3032] https://cisofy.com/controls/NETW-3032/ Follow-up: ---------------------------- - Show details of a test (lynis show details TEST-ID) - Check the logfile for all details (less /var/log/lynis.log) - Read security controls texts (https://cisofy.com) - Use --upload to upload data to central system (Lynis Enterprise users) ================================================================================ Lynis security scan details: Hardening index : 33 [###### ] Tests performed : 13 Plugins enabled : 0 Components: - Firewall [X] - Malware scanner [X] Lynis Modules: - Compliance Status [?] - Security Audit [V] - Vulnerability Scan [V] Files: - Test and debug information : /var/log/lynis.log - Report data : /var/log/lynis-report.dat ================================================================================ Lynis 2.6.4 Auditing, system hardening, and compliance for UNIX-based systems (Linux, macOS, BSD, and others) 2007-2018, CISOfy - https://cisofy.com/lynis/ Enterprise support available (compliance, plugins, interface and tools) ================================================================================ [TIP]: Enhance Lynis audits by adding your settings to custom.prf (see /etc/lynis/default.prf for all settings)
查看詳細說明
在查看審計結果時,你可以通過 show details 參數(shù)來獲取關于某條警告/建議的詳細說明。其對應的命令形式為:
lynis show details ${test_id}
比如，上面圖中有一個建議
* Consider running ARP monitoring software (arpwatch,arpon) [NETW-3032]
我們可以運行命令：
sudo lynis show details NETW-3032
2018-06-08 18:18:01 Performing test ID NETW-3032 (Checking for ARP monitoring software) 2018-06-08 18:18:01 IsRunning: process 'arpwatch' not found 2018-06-08 18:18:01 IsRunning: process 'arpon' not found 2018-06-08 18:18:01 Suggestion: Consider running ARP monitoring software (arpwatch,arpon) [test:NETW-3032] [details:-] [solution:-] 2018-06-08 18:18:01 Checking permissions of /usr/share/lynis/include/tests_printers_spools 2018-06-08 18:18:01 File permissions are OK 2018-06-08 18:18:01 ===---------------------------------------------------------------===
查看日志文件
lynis在審計完成后會將詳細的信息記錄在 /var/log/lynis.log 中.
sudo tail /var/log/lynis.log
2018-06-08 17:59:46 ================================================================================ 2018-06-08 17:59:46 Lynis 2.6.4 2018-06-08 17:59:46 2007-2018, CISOfy - https://cisofy.com/lynis/ 2018-06-08 17:59:46 Enterprise support available (compliance, plugins, interface and tools) 2018-06-08 17:59:46 Program ended successfully 2018-06-08 17:59:46 ================================================================================ 2018-06-08 17:59:46 PID file removed (/var/run/lynis.pid) 2018-06-08 17:59:46 Temporary files: /tmp/lynis.sGxCR0hSPz 2018-06-08 17:59:46 Action: removing temporary file /tmp/lynis.sGxCR0hSPz 2018-06-08 17:59:46 Lynis ended successfully.
同時將報告數(shù)據(jù)被保存到 /var/log/lynis-report.dat 中.
sudo tail /var/log/lynis-report.dat
另外需要注意的是，每次審計都會覆蓋原日志文件.
檢查更新
審計軟件需要隨時進行更新從而得到最新的建議和信息，我們可以使用 update info 參數(shù)來檢查更新:
lynis update info --no-colors
== [1;37mLynis[0m == Version : 2.6.4 Status : [1;32mUp-to-date[0m Release date : 2018-05-02 Update location : https://cisofy.com/lynis/ 2007-2018, CISOfy - https://cisofy.com/lynis/
自定義lynis安全審計策略
lynis的配置信息以 .prf 文件的格式保存在 /etc/lynis 目錄中。 其中，默認lynis自帶一個名為 default.prf 的默認配置文件。
不過我們無需直接修改這個默認的配置文件，只需要新增一個 custom.prf 文件將自定義的信息加入其中就可以了。
關于配置文件中各配置項的意義，在 default.prf 中都有相應的注釋說明,這里就不詳述了。
想了解lynis的更多信息，可以訪問它的官網(wǎng).
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