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C#程序員經(jīng)常用到的10個(gè)實(shí)用代碼片段

2018-07-20    來(lái)源:編程學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)

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  1 讀取操作系統(tǒng)和CLR的版本

OperatingSystem os = System.Environment.OSVersion;
Console.WriteLine(“Platform: {0}”, os.Platform);
Console.WriteLine(“Service Pack: {0}”, os.ServicePack);
Console.WriteLine(“Version: {0}”, os.Version);
Console.WriteLine(“VersionString: {0}”, os.VersionString);
Console.WriteLine(“CLR Version: {0}”, System.Environment.Version);

  在我的Windows 7系統(tǒng)中,輸出以下信息

  Platform: Win32NT
  Service Pack:
  Version: 6.1.7600.0
  VersionString: Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7600.0
  CLR Version: 4.0.21006.1

  2 讀取CPU數(shù)量,內(nèi)存容量

  可以通過(guò)Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI)提供的接口讀取所需要的信息。

private static UInt32 CountPhysicalProcessors()
{
     ManagementObjectSearcher objects = new ManagementObjectSearcher(
        “SELECT * FROM Win32_ComputerSystem”);
     ManagementObjectCollection coll = objects.Get();
     foreach(ManagementObject obj in coll)
    {
        return (UInt32)obj[“NumberOfProcessors”];
    } 
    return 0;
}
private static UInt64 CountPhysicalMemory()
{
   ManagementObjectSearcher objects =new ManagementObjectSearcher(
      “SELECT * FROM Win32_PhysicalMemory”);
   ManagementObjectCollection coll = objects.Get();
   UInt64 total = 0;
   foreach (ManagementObject obj in coll)
   {
       total += (UInt64)obj[“Capacity”];
    }
    return total;
}

  請(qǐng)?zhí)砑訉?duì)程序集System.Management的引用,確保代碼可以正確編譯。

Console.WriteLine(“Machine: {0}”, Environment.MachineName);
Console.WriteLine(“# of processors (logical): {0}”, Environment.ProcessorCount);
Console.WriteLine(“# of processors (physical): {0}”  CountPhysicalProcessors());
Console.WriteLine(“RAM installed: {0:N0} bytes”,  CountPhysicalMemory());
Console.WriteLine(“Is OS 64-bit? {0}”,   Environment.Is64BitOperatingSystem);
Console.WriteLine(“Is process 64-bit? {0}”,  Environment.Is64BitProcess);
Console.WriteLine(“Little-endian: {0}”, BitConverter.IsLittleEndian);
foreach (Screen screen in  System.Windows.Forms.Screen.AllScreens)
{
     Console.WriteLine(“Screen {0}”, screen.DeviceName);
     Console.WriteLine(“\tPrimary {0}”, screen.Primary);
     Console.WriteLine(“\tBounds: {0}”, screen.Bounds);
     Console.WriteLine(“\tWorking Area: {0}”,screen.WorkingArea);
     Console.WriteLine(“\tBitsPerPixel: {0}”,screen.BitsPerPixel);
}

  3 讀取注冊(cè)表鍵值對(duì)

using (RegistryKey keyRun = Registry.LocalMachine.OpenSubKey(@”Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run”))
{
    foreach (string valueName in keyRun.GetValueNames())
    {
     Console.WriteLine(“Name: {0}\tValue: {1}”, valueName, keyRun.GetValue(valueName));
    }
}

  請(qǐng)?zhí)砑用臻gMicrosoft.Win32,以確保上面的代碼可以編譯。

  4 啟動(dòng),停止Windows服務(wù)

  這項(xiàng)API提供的實(shí)用功能常常用來(lái)管理應(yīng)用程序中的服務(wù),而不必到控制面板的管理服務(wù)中進(jìn)行操作。

ServiceController controller = new ServiceController(“e-M-POWER”);      
controller.Start();      
if (controller.CanPauseAndContinue)      
{      
    controller.Pause();      
    controller.Continue();      
}      
controller.Stop();      

  .net提供的API中,可以實(shí)現(xiàn)一句話安裝與卸載服務(wù)

 if (args[0] == "/i")
 {
       ManagedInstallerClass.InstallHelper(new string[] { Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().Location });
 }
 else if (args[0] == "/u")
 {
   ManagedInstallerClass.InstallHelper(new string[] { "/u", Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().Location });
 }

  如代碼所示,給應(yīng)用程序傳入i或u參數(shù),以表示是卸載或是安裝程序。

  5 驗(yàn)證程序是否有strong name (P/Invoke)

  比如在程序中,為了驗(yàn)證程序集是否有簽名,可調(diào)用如下方法

[DllImport("mscoree.dll", CharSet=CharSet.Unicode)]
static extern bool StrongNameSignatureVerificationEx(string wszFilePath, bool fForceVerification, ref bool  pfWasVerified);

bool notForced = false;
bool verified = StrongNameSignatureVerificationEx(assembly, false, ref notForced);
Console.WriteLine("Verified: {0}\nForced: {1}", verified, !notForced);

  這個(gè)功能常用在軟件保護(hù)方法,可用來(lái)驗(yàn)證簽名的組件。即使你的簽名被人去掉,或是所有程序集的簽名都被去除,只要程序中有這一項(xiàng)調(diào)用代碼,則可以停止程序運(yùn)行。

  6 響應(yīng)系統(tǒng)配置項(xiàng)的變更

  比如我們鎖定系統(tǒng)后,如果QQ沒(méi)有退出,則它會(huì)顯示了忙碌狀態(tài)。

  請(qǐng)?zhí)砑用臻gMicrosoft.Win32,然后對(duì)注冊(cè)下面的事件。

  . DisplaySettingsChanged (包含Changing)  顯示設(shè)置
  . InstalledFontsChanged  字體變化
  . PaletteChanged 
  . PowerModeChanged 電源狀態(tài)
  . SessionEnded (用戶正在登出或是會(huì)話結(jié)束)
  . SessionSwitch (變更當(dāng)前用戶)
  . TimeChanged 時(shí)間改變
  . UserPreferenceChanged (用戶偏號(hào) 包含Changing)

  我們的ERP系統(tǒng),會(huì)監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)時(shí)間是否改變,如果將時(shí)間調(diào)整后ERP許可文件之外的范圍,會(huì)導(dǎo)致ERP軟件不可用。

  7 運(yùn)用Windows7的新特性

  Windows7系統(tǒng)引入一些新特性,比如打開(kāi)文件對(duì)話框,狀態(tài)欄可顯示當(dāng)前任務(wù)的進(jìn)度。

Microsoft.WindowsAPICodePack.Dialogs.CommonOpenFileDialog ofd = new  Microsoft.WindowsAPICodePack.Dialogs.CommonOpenFileDialog();
ofd.AddToMostRecentlyUsedList = true;
ofd.IsFolderPicker = true;
ofd.AllowNonFileSystemItems = true;
ofd.ShowDialog();

  用這樣的方法打開(kāi)對(duì)話框,與BCL自帶類(lèi)庫(kù)中的OpenFileDialog功能更多一些。不過(guò)只限于Windows 7系統(tǒng)中,所以要調(diào)用這段代碼,還要檢查操作系統(tǒng)的版本要大于6,并且添加對(duì)程序集Windows API Code Pack for Microsoft®.NET Framework的引用,請(qǐng)到這個(gè)地址下載 http://code.msdn.microsoft.com/WindowsAPICodePack

  8 檢查程序?qū)?nèi)存的消耗

  用下面的方法,可以檢查.NET給程序分配的內(nèi)存數(shù)量

long available = GC.GetTotalMemory(false);
Console.WriteLine(“Before allocations: {0:N0}”, available);
int allocSize = 40000000;
byte[] bigArray = new byte[allocSize];
available = GC.GetTotalMemory(false);
Console.WriteLine(“After allocations: {0:N0}”, available);

  在我的系統(tǒng)中,它運(yùn)行的結(jié)果如下所示

Before allocations: 651,064
After allocations: 40,690,080

  使用下面的方法,可以檢查當(dāng)前應(yīng)用程序占用的內(nèi)存

Process proc = Process.GetCurrentProcess();
Console.WriteLine(“Process Info: “+Environment.NewLine+ 
 “Private Memory Size: {0:N0}”+Environment.NewLine +
“Virtual Memory Size: {1:N0}” + Environment.NewLine +
“Working Set Size: {2:N0}” + Environment.NewLine +
“Paged Memory Size: {3:N0}” + Environment.NewLine +
“Paged System Memory Size: {4:N0}” + Environment.NewLine +
  “Non-paged System Memory Size: {5:N0}” + Environment.NewLine,
proc.PrivateMemorySize64,   proc.VirtualMemorySize64,  proc.WorkingSet64,  proc.PagedMemorySize64, proc.PagedSystemMemorySize64,  proc.NonpagedSystemMemorySize64 );

  9 使用記秒表檢查程序運(yùn)行時(shí)間

  如果你擔(dān)憂某些代碼非常耗費(fèi)時(shí)間,可以用StopWatch來(lái)檢查這段代碼消耗的時(shí)間,如下面的代碼所示

System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch timer = new System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch();
timer.Start();
Decimal total = 0;
int limit = 1000000;
for (int i = 0; i < limit; ++i)
{
      total = total + (Decimal)Math.Sqrt(i);
}
timer.Stop();
Console.WriteLine(“Sum of sqrts: {0}”,total);
Console.WriteLine(“Elapsed milliseconds: {0}”,
timer.ElapsedMilliseconds);
Console.WriteLine(“Elapsed time: {0}”, timer.Elapsed);

  現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)有專(zhuān)門(mén)的工具來(lái)檢測(cè)程序的運(yùn)行時(shí)間,可以細(xì)化到每個(gè)方法,比如dotNetPerformance軟件。

  以上面的代碼為例子,您需要直接修改源代碼,如果是用來(lái)測(cè)試程序,則有些不方便。請(qǐng)參考下面的例子。

class AutoStopwatch : System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch, IDisposable
{
   public AutoStopwatch()
   { 
       Start();
   }
   public void Dispose()
   {
       Stop();
       Console.WriteLine(“Elapsed: {0}”, this.Elapsed);
   }
}

  借助于using語(yǔ)法,像下面的代碼所示,可以檢查一段代碼的運(yùn)行時(shí)間,并打印在控制臺(tái)上。

using (new AutoStopwatch())
{
    Decimal total2 = 0;
    int limit2 = 1000000;
    for (int i = 0; i < limit2; ++i)
    {
       total2 = total2 + (Decimal)Math.Sqrt(i);
    }
}

  10 使用光標(biāo)

  當(dāng)程序正在后臺(tái)運(yùn)行保存或是冊(cè)除操作時(shí),應(yīng)當(dāng)將光標(biāo)狀態(tài)修改為忙碌?墒褂孟旅娴募记。

class AutoWaitCursor : IDisposable
{
private Control _target;
private Cursor _prevCursor = Cursors.Default;
public AutoWaitCursor(Control control)
{
   if (control == null)
   {
     throw new ArgumentNullException(“control”);
   }
   _target = control;
   _prevCursor = _target.Cursor;
   _target.Cursor = Cursors.WaitCursor;
}
public void Dispose()
{
   _target.Cursor = _prevCursor;
}
}

  用法如下所示,這個(gè)寫(xiě)法,是為了預(yù)料到程序可能會(huì)拋出異常

using (new AutoWaitCursor(this))
{
...
throw new Exception();
}

  如代碼所示,即使拋出異常,光標(biāo)也可以恢復(fù)到之間的狀態(tài)。

標(biāo)簽: isp 代碼

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